• Human Department Index
1. The HDI is a summary composite measure of a country's average achievements.
2. Calculation of the index combines four major indicators: life expectancy for health, expected years of schooling,for education and Gross National Income per capita for standard of living.
3. Achievements in three basic aspects of human development: health, knowledge and standard of living.
- a long and healthy life, as measured by life expectancy at birth;
- knowledge, as measured by mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling; and
- a decent standard of living, as measured by GNI per capita in PPP terms in US$.
•Background of Human Development Index
1. Pakistani economist Mahbub ul Haq and Amartya sen’s ( Indian- American philosopher) created HDI in 1990
2. The further used to measure the country's development by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).
3. Every year UNDP ranks countries based on the HDI report released in their annual report.
•The Challenges of Human Development Index
1) Health Care
(2) Sex Ratio
(3) Women Empowerment
•Human Development Index (HDI): India ranks
Ranks of 132 out of 191 countries
A report on the 2021 Human Development Index (HDI) is part of the Human Development Report 2021-2022 released by the United Nations Development Programme.
Conclusion
the Human Development Index (HDI) is an important tool for measuring human development across countries. It takes into such as health, education, and income, and provides a comprehensive measure of a country's development status.
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